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Desirable difficulties

See also: learning, productive-failure, timms-video-studies

The idea that there are certain difficulties when introduced into the learning process can lead to enhanced learning (Lodge et al, 2018). Certain types of difficulty enhance the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information.

Examples include

  • erroneous examples of matheamtics
  • hard to read fonts (but not replicated)

References#

Lodge, J. M., Kennedy, G., Lockyer, L., Arguel, A., & Pachman, M. (2018). Understanding Difficulties and Resulting Confusion in Learning: An Integrative Review. Frontiers in Education, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00049